Five years ago, The American Baptist Churches of Massachusetts noted a dwindling congregation at a church in Boston’s Allston-Brighton neighborhood. It considered downsizing or repurposing the land. The choice was ultimately left to the congregation at Hill Memorial Baptist.
In a final act of generosity, members chose to sell the land and give back to the community. The site will become 50 apartments for older adults on a fixed income.
Why We Wrote This
A story focused on
What is happening to churches after they close their doors? Across the U.S., edifices are getting a second chance at helping the community – as affordable housing for older people. Part 2 of two.
As churches and faith communities across the United States are increasingly closing their doors, more conversations are happening around what should come next for their buildings. In Boston, a tough housing market has been a factor in those discussions. The average price to rent a one-bedroom apartment in the Allston neighborhood is $2,786 per month, according to Apartments.com. The average wait time for senior housing in Boston currently stretches more than five years.
“Something good needed to happen here,” says John Woods, executive director of Allston Brighton Community Development Corp., a housing developer. Hill Memorial Baptist “was a real cornerstone of the community,” he says. “It gave people a sense of home, and we’re trying to continue that.”
With its 58-foot bell tower standing sentinel, Hill Memorial Baptist Church has witnessed Allston-Brighton’s dramatic transformation. Upscale apartments and condos now stand on the site of once-bustling stockyards. Gourmet food shops have replaced affordable grocery stores. Now, the 120-year-old church is set for its own transformation.
The congregation held its final service in this Boston neighborhood in 2023. Today the pews sit empty, awaiting removal. Yet the church is finding a new role in the community: much-needed affordable housing for older people.
Churches and faith communities across the United States are increasingly closing their doors. Five years ago, The American Baptist Churches of Massachusetts, noting a dwindling congregation in Allston-Brighton, considered downsizing or repurposing the land. The choice was ultimately left to Hill Memorial’s congregation.
Why We Wrote This
A story focused on
What is happening to churches after they close their doors? Across the U.S., edifices are getting a second chance at helping the community – as affordable housing for older people. Part 2 of two.
In a final act of generosity, members chose to sell the land to fulfill the church’s “mission of giving back to the Allston community in the form of senior housing,” says the Rev. Catherine Miller, former pastor, over email. With the blessing of its former congregation, the site will become 50 apartments for older adults on a fixed income. Today, the average price to rent a one-bedroom apartment in Allston is $2,786 per month, according to Apartments.com. The average wait time for senior housing in Boston currently stretches more than five years.
“Something good needed to happen here,” says John Woods, executive director of Allston Brighton Community Development Corp., a housing developer. “The church was a real cornerstone of the community. It gave people a sense of home, and we’re trying to continue that.”
Across the country, more faith communities are opening their doors to creative affordable housing solutions: Some are building homes on underutilized land or converting unused residences.
In California, the grassroots “Yes in God’s Backyard” movement led to the Affordable Housing on Faith Lands Act. This makes it legal for faith-based institutions to build affordable, multifamily homes on lands they own by streamlining the permitting process and overriding local zoning restrictions. A federal version, the Yes in God’s Backyard Act, was introduced this spring by Ohio Sen. Sherrod Brown. The cities of Atlanta, San Antonio, and Seattle have also forged similar initiatives.
Melanie Stetson Freeman/Staff
John Woods, director of Allston Brighton Community Development Corp., poses in Hill Memorial Baptist Church in Boston, July 11, 2024. “The church was a real cornerstone of the community,” he says. “It gave people a sense of home, and we’re trying to continue that.”
“It’s sad when a church closes,” says Donna Brown, executive director of the South Boston Neighborhood Development Corp., which is leading the conversion of a former convent. “When they sit empty, it leaves a real void in the neighborhood. But when a building can be converted to housing so that people can stay in that community – it can be a wonderful thing to knit a community back together.”
A growing need for housing
The U.S. is not building housing fast enough to support America’s aging population, according to Housing America’s Older Adults 2023 report, recently released by Harvard University’s Joint Center for Housing Studies. From 2012 to 2022, the number of adults age 65 and up grew 34%, from 43 million to 58 million, according to the report.
By 2030, Americans age 65 and older will make up more than 20% of the population, according to Census Bureau projections. The need for affordable housing for this demographic will only grow. Meanwhile, homelessness is rising among older adults, with studies showing they compose half of the homeless population. By 2030, the number of homeless older adults is expected to triple.
Sometimes, those being priced out of a neighborhood have lived there for decades. Moving means leaving not only friends but also support structures. Take Allston-Brighton, which was once a very affordable neighborhood, says Karen Smith, president of Brighton Allston Elderly Homes Inc. With rising rent costs and the cost of care, it’s tough for older adults on a fixed income to stretch their budgets thousands of dollars more a year.
“It’s particularly difficult even for people who may have lived in Brighton, rented or owned here for many years,” says Ms. Smith. “If they want to stay here in the community, now that they’re older, it can be financially a very daunting proposition.”
Reuse projects are a “win-win-win”
In densely populated cities, the space to build affordable housing is often far from where it is needed most, says the Rev. Patrick Reidy, associate professor of law at the University of Notre Dame. However, faith communities and former churches are typically located in high-density areas that are accessible to the most people.
“These kinds of adaptive reuse projects for affordable housing are a win-win-win,” says Professor Reidy. “The local governments that are desperately in need of land for affordable housing are given access by faith communities seeking to live out their religious mission, and those who need affordable housing don’t always have to uproot their lives from their neighborhood.”
Melanie Stetson Freeman/Staff
An architectural drawing shows plans for Hill Memorial Baptist Church in Boston on the right, and the affordable housing for older adults built on church land on the left.
Boston is a prime example of this trend. The transformation of former churches – like Hill Memorial, Blessed Sacrament in Jamaica Plain, and St. Augustine’s Convent in South Boston – illustrates how adaptive reuse can unite communities in finding solutions to the housing crisis. The locations of older church properties in New England are unique for other reasons. Many are quite literally older than zoning laws, which were first passed around the 1920s.
Blessed Sacrament Church sits at the heart of the historic Latin Quarter. It is set to become a sanctuary of affordable living, with 55 income-restricted units, along with a performance and community space.
The building sat empty for years. High restoration costs prompted its owners to contemplate selling it to developers on the open market to become high-end apartments. Former parishioners and residents opposed the sale and advocated for community input. In the end, after meetings attended by hundreds in the area, the selected proposal from developer Pennrose aimed to preserve the historic exterior of the church while renovating the interior to create affordable housing.
Melanie Stetson Freeman/Staff
St. Augustine’s Convent in South Boston will be turned into affordable housing for older adults by South Boston Senior Development Corp. The apartments will be designated for very low-income seniors: those who have to live on less than $20,000 a year.
“As a kid my whole world was wrapped around Jamaica Pond and our dearly-loved Blessed Sacrament Church,” wrote Dorothy Malcolm, a former parishioner, in a statement from Friends of Blessed Sacrament. “When the church was ‘de-consecrated’ it was a wrench for many of us. … And yet, it’s a fine blessing that it soon will be – not only preserved and restored – but kept within the realm and needs of the community that truly needs it.”
The South Boston Neighborhood Development Corp. is converting the former St. Augustine’s Convent into 35 affordable apartments for very low-income seniors, who have to live on less than $20,000 a year.
“We’re seeing an increased number of requests from seniors who are being displaced,” says Ms. Brown, the executive director. “Rental prices in South Boston have been high for a long time, but they’ve really escalated in the last few years.”
Melanie Stetson Freeman/Staff
The sanctuary of Hill Memorial Baptist Church in Boston will be turned into a community gathering space for older adults living in affordable housing on church grounds.
Their design will repurpose the existing five-story building, while preserving unique features such as the fifth-floor solarium. The Sisters of Notre Dame lived in the convent for 100 years before the building was sold in 1995. It then housed an after-school program. “The sisters who lived there would be pleased with how it’s being used today, as the building will benefit those most vulnerable and in need,” says Nancy Barthelemy, provincial archivist for the East West Province of the Sisters of Notre Dame de Namur.
Back at Hill Memorial, the developers plan to use the original church edifice as a common space for the new residents. Mr. Woods calls this a way to reconcile the past and the future. “This is our community,” he says, “and we’re still taking care of the folks here.”
